Resonance electromagnetic effect of the Kamchatka meteoroid
Рубрика:
| Luo, Y, 1Chernogor, LF 1V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine |
| Kinemat. fiz. nebesnyh tel (Online) 2023, 39(1):3-16 |
| https://doi.org/10.15407/kfnt2023.01.003 |
| Start Page: Space Physics |
| Язык: Ukrainian |
Аннотация: A large meteoroid entered the terrestrial atmosphere and exploded at 26-km altitude (geographic coordinates 56.9°N, 172.4deg;E) between the Kamchatka Peninsula and Alaska over the Bering Sea at 23:48:20 UT on December 18, 2018. The meteoroid has been termed the Kamchatka or Bering Sea meteoroid. Its basic parameters are as follows: calculated total impact energy 173 kt of TNT, total optical radiated energy 1.3*1014 J, mass 1.4 kt, speed 32 km/s, size 9.4 m, and the trajectory directed at an angle of 68.6deg; with respect to the horizon. The Kamchatka (Bering Sea) meteoroid entering the atmosphere turned down to be accompanied by the generation of a transient resonance electromagnetic signal in the 25...35 mHz band observable in the vicinity of the meteoroid explosion and in the magnetically conjugate region. The 0.2...0.8-nT amplitude oscillations were observed to occur over a 7 min interval. The purpose of present work is to analyze the observations of the resonance electromagnetic effect from the Kamchatka meteoroid and to discuss a mechanism for this effect. The analysis of the resonance effect in the Earth’s magnetic field is based on the database data with 1-s temporal resolution and 1-nT amplitude resolution collected by the Intermagnet magnetometer network of magnetic observatories. The distance range between the site of the meteoroid explosion and the magnetic observatories varied from 1,000 to 5,000 km in the northern hemisphere and from 9,010 to 12,425 km in the southern hemisphere. The only acceptable mechanism has been established to be associated with the magnetic field displacement in the magnetosphere by the explosive impact of the celestial body, whereas only negligibly small part of the meteoroid energy is spent on the generation of magnetic field perturbations. The meteoroid energy losses are similar to the losses in the reactive elements in the radio frequency circuits, i.e., they return into the system. After the meteoroid passes, the oscillations cease, and the system returns into the initial state. The main results are summarized as follows. The resonance electromagnetic oscillations arose 13 and 3 min prior to the Kamchatka meteoroid explosion. The duration of each perturbation was observed to be close to 7 min. The parameters of the quasi-periodic perturbations were similar to the parameters of magnetic Pc3 pulsations; however, they were observed to occur in the X component of the magnetic field, but not in the Y component of the magnetic field. Their periods were observed to be in the 33...36-s range, and the amplitudes in the 0.4...0.9 nT range. Similar resonance oscillations were recorded and in the magnetically conjugate region. A mechanism for generating the resonance oscillations has been put forward. The essence of the mechanism is that the meteoroid explosively impacts the magnetosphere and deforms the magnetic field lines that begin to oscillate at their eigenfrequencies. Depending on the McIlwain L-shell, the period has been calculated to be 19...169 s. For instance, setting L ≈ 3...3.2 yields 28...34 s, which is close to the observed period of 30 s. The generation of the resonance oscillations consumes ~10–4 part of the meteoroid kinetic energy. |
| Ключевые слова: electromagnetic effect mechanism, explosive impact, Kamchatka meteoroid, magnetic field line oscillation, resonance effect |
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