Bay-shaped variations in the geomagnetic field that accompanied the catastrophic explosion of the Tonga volcano on January 15, 2022
Heading:
| 1Chernogor, LF, Holub, MY 1V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine |
| Kinemat. fiz. nebesnyh tel (Online) 2023, 39(5):3-23 |
| https://doi.org/10.15407/kfnt2023.05.003 |
| Language: Ukrainian |
Abstract: Tonga volcano is one of the five most powerful volcanoes in the world. The explosion of the Tonga volcano on January 15, 2022 was unique. It led to disturbances in the lithosphere, World Ocean, atmosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere and all geophysical fields. A number of works have been devoted to the disturbance of the Earth’s magnetic field. The transport of magnetic field disturbances by atmospheric gravity waves and tsunamis, disturbances in magnetically conjugated regions due to acoustic resonance, the effect on the equatorial electrojet, etc., have been studied. The list of the variety of magnetic effects of the Tonga volcano does not end there. The purpose of this work is to describe the results of the analysis of global bay-disturbances in the geomagnetic field observed after the Tonga volcano explosion on January 15, 2022. The results of measurements of temporal variations in the level of the X-, Y-, and Z-components carried out by the INTERMAGNET world network of stationswere used as initial data.The analysis of magnetic data was preceded by an analysis of the state of space weather. A preliminary analysis of temporal variations in the level of the X-, Y-, and Z-components indicates that on the reference days these variations were smoother than on January 15, 2022. An analysis of time variations in the level of the X-, Y-, and Z-components of the geomagnetic field and a statistical analysis of the disturbance parameters showed the following. With the time delay, which varied depending on the distance to the volcano from several tens to 100...200 min, bay-disturbances of all components of the geomagnetic field were observed. The magnitude of the effect varied from ~10 to ~60 nT. The greatest disturbances occurred in the Y component. The delay time and duration of disturbances increased with increasing distance from the volcano, while their amplitude, on the contrary, decreased. The propagation speed of bay-disturbances was close to the speed of the blast wave. Bay-disturbances were weakly expressed or completely absent on the night side of the planet. It is substantiated that bay-disturbances are closely related to the occurrence of an ionospheric «hole» under the action of a blast wave from the volcano. The results of estimates of the bay-disturbance are in good agreement with the observation results. |
| Keywords: disturbance amplitude, disturbance duration, effect assessment, geomagnetic fieldbay-disturbance, ionospheric «hole», propagation speed, statistical analysis, time delay, time variations, Tonga volcano |
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